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#Lithium the power hour portable#
They do not contain toxic cadmium, which makes them easier to dispose of than Ni-Cd batteries.ĭue to these advantages, Li-ion batteries have displaced Ni-Cd batteries as the market leader in portable electronic devices (such as smartphones and laptops). Li-ion batteries also have low self-discharge rate of around 1.5-2% per month. This is an advantage over both Ni-Cd and Ni-MH, which display this effect. Li-ion batteries have no memory effect, a detrimental process where repeated partial discharge/charge cycles can cause a battery to ‘remember’ a lower capacity. This means that they can deliver large amounts of current for high-power applications, which has Li-ion batteries are also comparatively low maintenance, and do not require scheduled cycling to maintain their battery life. In addition, Li-ion battery cells can deliver up to 3.6 Volts, 3 times higher than technologies such as Ni-Cd or Ni-MH. They have one of the highest energy densities of any battery technology today (100-265 Wh/kg or 250-670 Wh/L). Li-ion batteries typically use ether (a class of organic compounds) as an electrolyte.Ĭompared to the other high-quality rechargeable battery technologies (nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal-hydride), Li-ion batteries have a number of advantages. Other cathode materials include lithium manganese oxide (used in hybrid electric and electric automobiles) and lithium iron phosphate. The most common combination is that of lithium cobalt oxide (cathode) and graphite (anode), which is most commonly found in portable electronic devices such as cellphones and laptops.
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Li-ion batteries can use a number of different materials as electrodes. In part because of lithium’s small size (third only to hydrogen and helium), Li-ion batteries are capable of having a very high voltage and charge storage per unit mass and unit volume. The lithium ions are small enough to be able to move through a micro-permeable separator between the anode and cathode. The lithium ions move from the anode and pass through the electrolyte until they reach the cathode, where they recombine with their electrons and electrically neutralize. During a discharge cycle, lithium atoms in the anode are ionized and separated from their electrons. To longer shelf life for circuit device operations.A lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is an advanced battery technology that uses lithium ions as a key component of its electrochemistry. Thus, you can see how higher mAH values are more desirable in circuits, because it leads Power the circuit for 5 times as much as time as the AA battery cell can.
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Now the same circuit powered by a D cell battery rated at 10,000mAH can power the circuit for 10000mAH/200mA= 50 hours. With a AA battery rated at 2000mAH, it can power the circuit forĢ000mAH/200mA= 10hours. So, for example, let's say there is a circuit that consumes 200mA per hour. D cells provide current for a longer period of time than all others. Reason, D cells are physically bigger and are more expensive than C or AA batteries. A AA battery may have a mAH of 2000, while a D cell may have 10,000mAH. So batteries with higher mAH's are more desirable, because they can last for a longer period of time, since they have a higher current capacity.ĪA batteries usually have the shortest mAH life, while D cells have much greater mAH.
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The circuit's power requirements, how much current the circuit demands.īeing that the mAH is the battery's life in terms of current capacity, the more mAH's means the longer a battery can last, or the more current it can supply in a circuit. The mAH specification shows how long a battery will be able to last in a circuit, given Thus, our same example, of a 1900mAH battery can be used in the following ways, The product of the current consumed times the number of hours in use must equal Or for other circuits, it can supply 190mA of current for 10 hours, since 190*10=1900. In this case, the battery supplies 380mA forĥ hours, since 380*5=1900. Usually a circuit will not demand 1900 mAH of current all at once for operation.Ī circuit may instead only need 380mA of current for operation. Again, as an example, a 1900mAH battery can supply 1900mA of current to a circuitįor one hour, and then it will have used all of its charge. Again, mAH, iillliampere-hours, show how many milliamperes of current the battery can